Tongue and salivary glands

Key points

Restrictive lingual frenulum

Coryllos lingual frenulum classification

Type 1 - to tip

Type 2 - 2-4mm from tip

Type 3 - mid tongue

Type 4 - posterior attachment

Hazelbaker score

Anatomical and functional scoring

10 points for frenulum appearance and 14 points for tongue function

Division of tongue tie if Anatomy score <8 or Function <11

Do not divide if function score is 14 regardless of anatomy

Parotid gland

Branches of facial nerve and external carotid artery pass through parotid

Most common tumours of parotid in children:

1. Lymphatic/vascular malformations

2. Pleomorphic adenoma

Pleomorphic adenoma

Hypoechoic, heterogenous relative to the rest of the gland on ultrasound, may have calcific foci

Submandibular gland

Lingual nerve passes superiorly

Deep lingual vein and hypoglossal nerve pass inferiorly

Page edited by Mrs Charnjit Seehra BSc November 2024

References

Coryllos, E. & Genna, Catherine & Salloum, A.C.. (2004). Congenital tongue-tie and its impact on breastfeeding. American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding. 1-6.

Alison K. Hazelbaker, PhD, IBCLC, FILCA, 1993

Chalard F, Hermann AL, Elmaleh-Bergès M, Ducou le Pointe H. Imaging of parotid anomalies in infants and children. Insights Imaging. 2022 Feb 24;13(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s13244-022-01166-y. Erratum in: Insights Imaging. 2022 May 6;13(1):86. PMID: 35201515; PMCID: PMC8873326.